Laboratory Equipment

The Apparatus is designed to study the pressure drop in two-phase flow under different patterns. The set-up consists of a test section, made of Borosilicate Glass to visualize the different patterns. A Centrifugal Pump, with flow control valve and by-pass valve, is provided to supply water to the pipe line. At outlet, a Separator is provided to separate the air from water. Two Rotameters one each for Air and Water are provided to measure the flow rates.

Jaw Crusher is designed to speed up the crushing of aggregates, ores, minerals, coke, chemicals and others similar materials. It is compact and of rugged construction for general laboratory or small pilot plant operations. The set-up contains two Jaws of hard steel with one Jaw stationary and other moving. The movable jaw produces blows for every revolution reducing over sizing to a minimum. A combination of forward and downward strokes with a rocking action exerts pressure on the coarser materials yet permits the finished materials to pass through the jaws. A hopper is provided at the top for feeding material. The smooth jaws ensure a uniform product and easy cleaning is possible. The opening of the Jaw is adjustable. The motor is coupled to the machine through Triple `V' belt drive.

This apparatus is designed to determine the thermal conductivity of insulating powder. The apparatus consists of two thin walled concentric copper spheres. Inner sphere houses Nichrome Wire heater. Insulating powder is filled between the two spheres. Heat flows radically outwards. Temperature sensors at proper positions are fitted to measure surface temperatures of spheres. Heat input to the heater is given through a variac and measured by Digital Voltmeter & Digital Ammeter. By varying the heat input rates, data can be obtained. 

The most common types of continuous vacuum filter are the rotary drum filter. A horizontal drum with a slotted face turns at less than 2 RPM in an agitated slurry trough. A filter medium, such as canvas, covers the face of drum, which is partly submerged in the liquid. Under the slotted cylindrical face of the main drum is a second, smaller drum with a solid surface. Between the two drums are radial partitions dividing the annular space into separate compartments, each connected by an internal pipe to one hole in the rotating plate of the rotary valve Vacuum and air are alternately applied to each compartment as the drum rotates.The set-up consists of stainless steel drum moving in gunmetal brackets and is divided in 6 compartments, covered by a Stainless Steel mesh. A canvas filter is used for filtration. The whole assembly is fitted with a SS trough in which a agitator is provided. To make the unit a self-contained a slurry mixing and feed arrangement, receiver tanks, vacuum pump, control panel are provided.

The setup is designed and fabricated to study lagging phenomenon in case of pipes. It consists of three concentric pipes of small thickness as compared to diameter and are arranged concentrically, and closed with the help of two discs. Two different insulating materials fill the annuli between the cylinders. Temperature Sensors are fitted to measure the temperature of pipe walls for radial outward heat flow measurement. Inside the inner pipe, a Nichrome wire heater is placed axially. Heat input to the heater is given through a variac and measured by Digital Voltmeter and Digital Ammeter. 

In most industrial processes including reactors, heat is to be added or extracted to control the process. The addition and removal of heat is done by passing steam or water in a jacket fitted to the outside of the vessel or passing steam or cold water in helical coil inside the vessel. For effective heat transfer and even distribution of heat, the liquid inside is continuously agitated. The present set-up offers us a comparative study of Jacket & Helical coil, which can be operated simultaneously. It is a stainless steel jacketed vessel with helical coil of copper is fitted inside. A variable speed stirrer is fitted in the vessel. Variation in temperature of inside water is measured and is noted. Set-up is fitted with steam traps for condensate collection. Flow rate of water can be controlled and measured using valve and Rota meter. Temperature of inlet and outlet of both hot & cold fluids are measured by temperature sensors. 

The apparatus consists of a small test cylinder. The cylinder is heated by a constant temperature waterbath, till steady state is reached. During heating, temperature of the cylinder is function of time andhence, heating of cylinder is under unsteady state Heat transfer.The temperature of cylinder is measuredwith the help of temperature sensor inserted in the centre. The hot water bath is provided with a heaterand is controlled by digital temperature controller. An agitator is also provided to maintain the constantbath temperature.

Pressure filters can apply a large pressure differential across the septum to give economically rapid filtration with viscous liquids or fine solids. The most common types of pressure filters are filter press. A filter press contains a set of plates designed to provide a series of chambers or compartments in which solids may collect. The plates are covered with a filter medium such as canvas cloth. Slurry is admitted to each compartment under pressure; liquor passes through the canvas cloth and out a discharge pipe, leaving a wet cake of solids behind. Plates and frames sit horizontally in a metal rack, with cloth covering the face of each plate, and are squeezed tightly together by a screw. Slurry enters at one end of the assembly of plates and frame. It passes through a channel running lengthwise through one corner of assembly. The set up consists of 7 plates and 6 frames. Frames are covered with filter cloth. Feed is fed by gear pump at the top and filtrate collected at the bottom from each plate by operating the cock.After removing Cake, washing and cleaning can be done by water provided by overhead tank. Inlet & outlet pressures are measured by pressure gauges. Rate of filtrate removals is measured by calibrated tank provided.

A ribbon blender consists of a horizontal trough containing a central shaft and a helical ribbon agitator. Two counteracting ribbons are mounted on the same shaft, one moving the solid slowly in one direction, the other moving it quickly in other. The ribbons may be continuous or interrupted. Mixing results from the turbulence induced by the counteracting agitators, not from mere motion of solids through the trough. Some ribbon blender operates batch wise with the solids charged and mixed until satisfactory; others mix continuously, with solids fed in one end of the trough and discharged from the other. Ribbon Blenders are effective mixers for thin pastes or for powders that do not flow radically. The whole assembly is fitted on rigid MS structure. The trough is unloaded through an opening in the bottom. The setup studies in principles of mixing and can be operated as batch wise or continuously. 

The Lab setup is used to crush different sample and material. Two heavy Smooth faced chilled metal rolls turning on parallel horizontal axes are the working elements of the roll crusher. A hopper is provided at the top for feeding the material. Particles of feed caught between the rolls are broken in compression and drop out below. The rolls turn towards each other at the same speed. They have relatively narrow faces and are larger in diameter so that they can nip moderately large lumps. Loading bolts are provided for safety. The maximum size of the product is approximately equal to gap between the rolls & it can be adjusted by loading bolts. 

This apparatus consists of a Flow channel. Channel is fabricated from transparent Toughened Glass and Stainless Steel together. The equipment is designed to study the various phenomenon of flow with the help of various types Of blocks, gates, weirs, and other many types of accessories (Optional). The channel section is transparent by which user can observe the various flow patterns of fluid in the channel and photographs can be taken. These glass panels are sealed with the stainless steel bed. This channel is floor mounted. Instrument rail is provided along the entire working length of the flume. A scale is provided along with the rail. A pointer gauge is provided to measure the depth of flow, that can move on the rail. At the inlet of the flume an inlet tank with stilling and smoothing device is provided for obtaining the excellent velocity profile in the test section. At the discharge side a gate is provided which have an adjustable height. This gate maintains the operating water levels for the flume. This flume is tilted using a jacking system which has one jack. An arrangement has been done to calculate the slop of channel. The flow channel is self-contained re-circulating unit provided with sump tank, centrifugal pump, and control valve. Water is circulated through the channel by centrifugal pump. The pump draws water from sump tank to inlet tank of flume and return back to sump after passing through the channel. 

The setup studies behavior of multi capacity process when connected in non interaction mode. It consists of supply tank, pump for water circulation, Rota meter for flow measurement, two independent process tanks with scales connected in non-interacting mode. The components are assembled on frame to form tabletop set-up.

The set up consists of a 1/2” bend and elbow, sudden expansion & sudden contraction fitting from 15 mm to 25 mm, ball valve and gate valve. Pressure tapings are provided at in let and outlet of these fitting sunder test. A differential manometer fitted in the line gives pressure loss of individual fittings. The set-up can be connected to Hydraulic Bench by flexible pipe line.

The set up consists of a ½” bend and elbow, a sudden expansion & sudden contraction fitting from 15mm to 25mm, ball valve and gate valve. Pressure tapings are provided at inlet and outlet of these fittings under test. A differential manometer fitted in the line gives pressure loss of individual fittings. Present setup is self-contained water re-circulating unit, provided with a sump tank and a centrifugal pump etc. Flow control valve and by-pass valve are fitted in water line to conduct the experiment on different flow rates. Flow rate of water is measured with the help of measuring tank and stop watch.

The process setup consists of heating tank fitted with thruster-controlled heater for on line heating of the water. Water is supplied from laboratory constant head tank and its flow can be manipulated and measured by provided Rotameter. The temperature of the heated water is sensed by RTD sensor. This measured variable through Temperature Transmitter is communicated to Digital Indicating Controller. Error is calculated and output, accordingly, is communicated to Thyristor Controlled heater to achieve the Set Point. These units along with necessary piping are supported in a well-designed housing and are fixed on base plate.The present set-up is completely computerized controlled. The Digital Indicating Controller have a facility to interface the system with computer which enables to change the PID parameters using computer. The educational software and data-logging package has been developed for unit.

Materials, that have different magnetic at tractability, may be separated by passing them through a magnetic field. Most often, magnetic separation techniques are used to remove iron, steel or magnetic iron oxide from materials low in magnetic at tractability. These devices operate in either a continuous or a cyclic manner. Continuous devices usually have a belt which moves over the lifting magnetic poles to carry the magnetize partials into a region of low or zero magnetic field, where they are released. The present set-up is of In-line lifting magnet type. The set-up consists of two belts moving separately in opposite direction at slow speed. Feed through a vibrating hopper is conveyed over first belt and allowed to pass near the second belt, which is under magnetic field. The magnetic field is generated by permanent magnet kept in a box. Magnetically inert material drops off the belt in a normal manner. Magnetic material is held on the belt, however, and finally drops off the belt as it leaves the magnetic field. Both the belts are fitted on the pullies and derived by an electric motor coupled with a reduction gearbox. 

The present set-up is a self-contained ,water re-circulating unit provided with a top tray and a sump tank. Various hydraulics experiments can be conducted on this set up. AFHP Centrifugal Pump is fitted for water circulation. Flow control valve and by-pass valve are fitted in water line to conduct the experiment on different flow rates. Flow rate of water is measured with the help of measuring tank and stopwatch. Water collected on the top tray from experimental set-up ,drains and return to sump tank.

The present set-up is designed to study a PID Controlled Flow Process in the industry. Water is pumped from the sump tank by means of a centrifugal pump to a Pneumatic Control Valve and after passing thorough the Rota meter it return back to the sump. The Differential Pressure transmitter with an Orifice meter is fitted in the water line. The flow of water in the line is sensed by the transmitter and communicated to the digital indicating controller. This measured variable is compared with the Set Point by controller and output is generated and given to I/P converter, which in turn supply the 3-15 Psig pressure to vary the opening of the Pneumatic control valve to eliminate the error observed. As the opening of pneumatic control valve varies, the flow of water in the line gets effected. This process goes on until the Set Point target is achieved. A ball valve is also provided in the water line to disturb the system and to observe the effect of disturbance. As the water returns in the sump tank again, the system operates in close circuit. Provided Rotameter enables to get the direct reading of flow of water in the line. These units along with necessary piping are supported in a well-designed housing and are fixed on base plate

Mixed liberated particles can be separated from each other by floatation if there is sufficient difference in their wet ability. The floatation process operates by preparing a water suspension of a mixture of relatively finely sized solids. This is usually done in an agitated chamber open at the top. Fine bubbles of air are then dispersed through the agitated suspension to form a froth that rises to the top of the chamber. Particles that are radically wetted by water (hydrophilic) tend to remain in the water suspension. Those particles that are not easily wetted (hydrophobic) tend to be collected at the air bubblewater interface and rise to the surface attached to air bubbles. Thus differences in the surface chemical properties of the solids are the basis for separation. The set up consists of a agitated chamber open at the top. In the chamber, an impeller coupled to a shaft is fixed in a stationary diffuser. Low-pressure air is allowed to enter in the stationary diffuser through the air passage provided with the agitator. The collector coated mineral particles adhere to the rising bubbles and are carried to the top of the cell to be removed in the froth product.