Laboratory Equipment

The apparatus is designed to determine thermal conductivity of different liquids. The apparatus consists of a heater. The heater heats a thin layer of liquid. A cooling plate removes heat through liquid layer, ensuring unidirectional heat flow. Temperature is measured across the liquid layer and complete assembly is properly insulated. A proper arrangement for changing the liquids is provided. The whole assembly is kept in a chamber.

The experimental set up consists of metal bar, one end of which is heated by an electric heater while the other end of the bar projects inside the cooling water jacket. A cylindrical shell filled with insulating material surrounds the middle portion of the bar. The temperature of the bar is measured at different sections. Heat Input to the heater is given through variac. By varying the heat input rates, data can be obtained. Water at constant rate is circulated through the jacket and its flow rate and temperature rise is noted. 

The Apparatus is designed to study the pressure drop in two-phase flow under different patterns. The set-up consists of a test section, made of Borosilicate Glass to visualize the different patterns. A Centrifugal Pump, with flow control valve and by-pass valve, is provided to supply water to the pipe line. At outlet, a Separator is provided to separate the air from water. Two Rotameters one each for Air and Water are provided to measure the flow rates.

The most common types of continuous vacuum filter are the rotary drum filter. A horizontal drum with a slotted face turns at less than 2 RPM in an agitated slurry trough. A filter medium, such as canvas, covers the face of drum, which is partly submerged in the liquid. Under the slotted cylindrical face of the main drum is a second, smaller drum with a solid surface. Between the two drums are radial partitions dividing the annular space into separate compartments, each connected by an internal pipe to one hole in the rotating plate of the rotary valve Vacuum and air are alternately applied to each compartment as the drum rotates.The set-up consists of stainless steel drum moving in gunmetal brackets and is divided in 6 compartments, covered by a Stainless Steel mesh. A canvas filter is used for filtration. The whole assembly is fitted with a SS trough in which a agitator is provided. To make the unit a self-contained a slurry mixing and feed arrangement, receiver tanks, vacuum pump, control panel are provided.

The setup is designed to study dynamic response of single and multi capacity processes when connected in interacting and non-interacting mode. It is combined unit to study 1) Single capacity process. 2) Non interacting process and 3) Interacting process. The observed step response of the tank level in different mode can be compared with mathematically predicted response. Setup consists of supply tank, pump for water circulation, Rotameter for flow measurement, process tanks with scales, which can be connected to interacting and non-interacting mode. The components are assembled on frame to form tabletop set-up.

The present set-up is designed to calibrate and check the given pressure gauge (Bourdon Type).This unit consists of a precision ground plunger, which develops the required pressure by loading of weights. This pressure is transmitted to the pressure gauge by oil.

A ribbon blender consists of a horizontal trough containing a central shaft and a helical ribbon agitator. Two counteracting ribbons are mounted on the same shaft, one moving the solid slowly in one direction, the other moving it quickly in other. The ribbons may be continuous or interrupted. Mixing results from the turbulence induced by the counteracting agitators, not from mere motion of solids through the trough. Some ribbon blender operates batch wise with the solids charged and mixed until satisfactory; others mix continuously, with solids fed in one end of the trough and discharged from the other. Ribbon Blenders are effective mixers for thin pastes or for powders that do not flow radically. The whole assembly is fitted on rigid MS structure. The trough is unloaded through an opening in the bottom. The setup studies in principles of mixing and can be operated as batch wise or continuously. 

The Lab setup is used to crush different sample and material. Two heavy Smooth faced chilled metal rolls turning on parallel horizontal axes are the working elements of the roll crusher. A hopper is provided at the top for feeding the material. Particles of feed caught between the rolls are broken in compression and drop out below. The rolls turn towards each other at the same speed. They have relatively narrow faces and are larger in diameter so that they can nip moderately large lumps. Loading bolts are provided for safety. The maximum size of the product is approximately equal to gap between the rolls & it can be adjusted by loading bolts. 

This apparatus consists of a Flow channel. Channel is fabricated from transparent Toughened Glass and Stainless Steel together. The equipment is designed to study the various phenomenon of flow with the help of various types Of blocks, gates, weirs, and other many types of accessories (Optional). The channel section is transparent by which user can observe the various flow patterns of fluid in the channel and photographs can be taken. These glass panels are sealed with the stainless steel bed. This channel is floor mounted. Instrument rail is provided along the entire working length of the flume. A scale is provided along with the rail. A pointer gauge is provided to measure the depth of flow, that can move on the rail. At the inlet of the flume an inlet tank with stilling and smoothing device is provided for obtaining the excellent velocity profile in the test section. At the discharge side a gate is provided which have an adjustable height. This gate maintains the operating water levels for the flume. This flume is tilted using a jacking system which has one jack. An arrangement has been done to calculate the slop of channel. The flow channel is self-contained re-circulating unit provided with sump tank, centrifugal pump, and control valve. Water is circulated through the channel by centrifugal pump. The pump draws water from sump tank to inlet tank of flume and return back to sump after passing through the channel. 

The present set-up is designed to study the characteristics of a PID controller. It consists of a stirred tank in which a heater is provided to heat the water. Water is supplied to the tank from laboratory over head tank by the user. The flow rate can be adjusted by operating the need levels provided on Rota meter. PID parameters can be changed for conducting experiment on P, PI ,PD and PID mode. Controller can be operated on Auto Tune mode in which controller automatically fixes the value of P,I and D .Temperature is sensed by the PID Controller and the controller gives input to the heater, accordingly. Experiment can be performed on various flow rates and temperature set points.

The apparatus consists of blower unit fitted with the test pipe. Nichrome Wire heater surrounds the test section. Four Temperature Sensors are Embedded on the test section, two placed in the air stream at the entrance and exit of the test section to measure the inlet and outlet air temperature. Test pipe is connected to the delivery side of the blower along with the orifice to measure flow of air through the pipe. Constant heat flux is given to pipe by an electric heater through a variac and measured by Digital Voltmeter and Digital Ammeter. 

The present set-up is designed to visualize the ideal flow around immersed body. It consists of a flow table in which flow of water is circulated in between two transparent sheets with a small gap between them. Water is supplied to the table and a colored dye is injected in the inlet of flow at different location. Water from the sump tank is pumped by a centrifugal pump to a calming section for table and after passing through transparent sheet it goes to sump tank. By-pass and flow control valves are provided to regulate the flow.Flow is made laminar by operating inlet control valve for water and it is visualized due to transparent sheet and colour. A small capacity dye tank will be provided for the flow of dye in fluid inlet stream. Any obstacle can be placed between the sheets and change in flow pattern can be visualized. Obstacles of different types will be supplied with the apparatus. 

Technical Description: Shell & Tube type condensers are widely used in various industries. The present set-up offers a comparative study of Vertical & Horizontal condenser, which can be operated one at a time. Condenser consists of Stainless steel shell, with stainless steel tubes. Cold fluid flows through inside the tubes and steam flows through the shell. Valves are provided to control the flow rates of cold fluids. Flow rate of cold water is measured using a Rota meter. Shell is fitted with steam traps from where condensate is collected in measuring cylinder. Temperature of inlet and outlet of both hot & cold fluids are measured by temperature sensors.

Materials, that have different magnetic at tractability, may be separated by passing them through a magnetic field. Most often, magnetic separation techniques are used to remove iron, steel or magnetic iron oxide from materials low in magnetic at tractability. These devices operate in either a continuous or a cyclic manner. Continuous devices usually have a belt which moves over the lifting magnetic poles to carry the magnetize partials into a region of low or zero magnetic field, where they are released. The present set-up is of In-line lifting magnet type. The set-up consists of two belts moving separately in opposite direction at slow speed. Feed through a vibrating hopper is conveyed over first belt and allowed to pass near the second belt, which is under magnetic field. The magnetic field is generated by permanent magnet kept in a box. Magnetically inert material drops off the belt in a normal manner. Magnetic material is held on the belt, however, and finally drops off the belt as it leaves the magnetic field. Both the belts are fitted on the pullies and derived by an electric motor coupled with a reduction gearbox. 

In most industrial processes including reactors, heat is to be added or extracted to control the process. The addition and removal of heat is done by passing steam or water in a jacket fitted to the outside of the vessel or passing steam or cold water in helical coil inside the vessel. For effective heat transfer and even distribution of heat, the liquid inside is continuously agitated. The present set-up offers us a comparative study of Jacket & Helical coil, which can be operated simultaneously. It is a stainless steel jacketed vessel with helical coil of copper is fitted inside. A variable speed stirrer is fitted in the vessel. Variation in temperature of inside water is measured and is noted. Set-up is fitted with steam traps for condensate collection. Flow rate of water can be controlled and measured using valve and Rota meter. Temperature of inlet and outlet of both hot & cold fluids are measured by temperature sensors. 

The apparatus consists of a small test cylinder. The cylinder is heated by a constant temperature waterbath, till steady state is reached. During heating, temperature of the cylinder is function of time andhence, heating of cylinder is under unsteady state Heat transfer.The temperature of cylinder is measuredwith the help of temperature sensor inserted in the centre. The hot water bath is provided with a heaterand is controlled by digital temperature controller. An agitator is also provided to maintain the constantbath temperature.

The set up consists of constant temperature Bath with heating element. This Heat source is controlled with the help of digital temp controlleratany preset valve. A thermocouple pocket is provided to insert the thermocouple in it. Three thermocouples i.e. CR/AL, Cu-constantan ,Fe-constantan and Digital mili volt meter area lso provided .All components are assembled on a base plate to forma table top set- up.

Heat Pump and the refrigerating machine basically work on one and the same principle and with the same components. Heat pump is a machine, which delivers heat at a temperature suitable for domestic, Industrial and Commercial purposes. By added work input from the motor or engine it extracts heat from low-grade source. In many circumstances heat pumps can make valuable contribution to energy conservation. The majority of heat pumps operate on the vapor compression cycle using a refrigerant as the working fluid. Heat pump is fully sealed R-134A refrigerant system using water to water pumping principle. The equipment produces realistic results and has low thermal inertia so that unit stabilizes very quickly and enables student’s maximum experimentation.

Ball Mills are horizontal rotating cylindrical steel chamber of half filled with steel balls. The size reduction is accomplished by the impact of balls as they fall back after being lifted by the baffles fitted in the rotating chamber.Ball Mill is fitted on a sturdy MS frame. Charging of balls and material is done by the means of opening provided in the chamber. The chamber is turning about the horizontal axis through a reduction gearbox drive through a ½ HP variable speed motor. Drive is provided to vary the RPM. A RPM indicator with proximity switch is provided in the set-up. A revolution counter is provided to find out the number of turns. Special arrangement is done to free the Ball Mill from reduction gearbox for charging and discharging the material.