Laboratory Equipment

The most common types of continuous vacuum filter are the rotary drum filter. A horizontal drum with a slotted face turns at less than 2 RPM in an agitated slurry trough. A filter medium, such as canvas, covers the face of drum, which is partly submerged in the liquid. Under the slotted cylindrical face of the main drum is a second, smaller drum with a solid surface. Between the two drums are radial partitions dividing the annular space into separate compartments, each connected by an internal pipe to one hole in the rotating plate of the rotary valve Vacuum and air are alternately applied to each compartment as the drum rotates.The set-up consists of stainless steel drum moving in gunmetal brackets and is divided in 6 compartments, covered by a Stainless Steel mesh. A canvas filter is used for filtration. The whole assembly is fitted with a SS trough in which a agitator is provided. To make the unit a self-contained a slurry mixing and feed arrangement, receiver tanks, vacuum pump, control panel are provided.

BALANCING OF SEVERAL MASSES ROTATING IN A SINGLE PLANE BY GRAPHICAL METHOD.

TECHNICAL DETAILS

Drive Motor FHP Motor, variable speed, with speed controller.

Balancing weight : 4 Nos. of Stainless Steel with different sized eccentric mass for varying unbalance.

Rotating Shaft Material Stainless Steel

The data acquisition system can be done by interfacing the set-up with computer using software.

Software allows the user to have control on data logging, printing the

stored data, preparing spread sheets in Excel etc..

The Apparatus is designed to study the pressure drop in two-phase flow under different patterns. The set-up consists of a test section, made of Borosilicate Glass to visualize the different patterns. A Centrifugal Pump, with flow control valve and by-pass valve, is provided to supply water to the pipe line. At outlet, a Separator is provided to separate the air from water. Two Rotameters one each for Air and Water are provided to measure the flow rates.

This apparatus consists of a Flow channel. Channel is fabricated from transparent Toughened Glass and Stainless Steel together. The equipment is designed to study the various phenomenon of flow with the help of various types Of blocks, gates, weirs, and other many types of accessories (Optional). The channel section is transparent by which user can observe the various flow patterns of fluid in the channel and photographs can be taken. These glass panels are sealed with the stainless steel bed. This channel is floor mounted. Instrument rail is provided along the entire working length of the flume. A scale is provided along with the rail. A pointer gauge is provided to measure the depth of flow, that can move on the rail. At the inlet of the flume an inlet tank with stilling and smoothing device is provided for obtaining the excellent velocity profile in the test section. At the discharge side a gate is provided which have an adjustable height. This gate maintains the operating water levels for the flume. This flume is tilted using a jacking system which has one jack. An arrangement has been done to calculate the slop of channel. The flow channel is self-contained re-circulating unit provided with sump tank, centrifugal pump, and control valve. Water is circulated through the channel by centrifugal pump. The pump draws water from sump tank to inlet tank of flume and return back to sump after passing through the channel. 

The experimental set up consists of metal bar, one end of which is heated by an electric heater while the other end of the bar projects inside the cooling water jacket. A cylindrical shell filled with insulating material surrounds the middle portion of the bar. The temperature of the bar is measured at different sections. Heat Input to the heater is given through variac. By varying the heat input rates, data can be obtained. Water at constant rate is circulated through the jacket and its flow rate and temperature rise is noted. 

The setup is designed and fabricated to study lagging phenomenon in case of pipes. It consists of three concentric pipes of small thickness as compared to diameter and are arranged concentrically, and closed with the help of two discs. Two different insulating materials fill the annuli between the cylinders. Temperature Sensors are fitted to measure the temperature of pipe walls for radial outward heat flow measurement. Inside the inner pipe, a Nichrome wire heater is placed axially. Heat input to the heater is given through a variac and measured by Digital Voltmeter and Digital Ammeter. 

The apparatus consists of a small test cylinder. The cylinder is heated by a constant temperature waterbath, till steady state is reached. During heating, temperature of the cylinder is function of time andhence, heating of cylinder is under unsteady state Heat transfer.The temperature of cylinder is measuredwith the help of temperature sensor inserted in the centre. The hot water bath is provided with a heaterand is controlled by digital temperature controller. An agitator is also provided to maintain the constantbath temperature.

The Lab setup is used to crush different sample and material. Two heavy Smooth faced chilled metal rolls turning on parallel horizontal axes are the working elements of the roll crusher. A hopper is provided at the top for feeding the material. Particles of feed caught between the rolls are broken in compression and drop out below. The rolls turn towards each other at the same speed. They have relatively narrow faces and are larger in diameter so that they can nip moderately large lumps. Loading bolts are provided for safety. The maximum size of the product is approximately equal to gap between the rolls & it can be adjusted by loading bolts. 

The set up consists of a two sided clear fabrication section .Water is fed through a nozzle and discharged vertically to strike a target carried on a stem which extends through the cover. A weight carrier is mounted on the upper end of the stem. The dead weight of the moving parts is counter balanced by a compression spring. The vertical force exerted on the target plate is measured by adding the weights supplied to the weight pan until the mark on the weight pan corresponds with the level gauge .A total of two targets are provided, a flat plate and a hemispherical cup. 

The screw conveyor is one of the oldest and most versatile conveyor types. These are compact, requiring little headroom and no return mechanism. The material is also mixed as it passes through the conveyor. Screw or helical flight conveyors consists of a steel shaft having a spiral or helical fin fastened to the shaft and rotating in a trough without touching the trough, so that the helical fin pushes the material along the trough. The shaft is driven by a motor coupled with a reduction gearbox. 

The setup studies behavior of multi capacity process when connected in non interaction mode. It consists of supply tank, pump for water circulation, Rota meter for flow measurement, two independent process tanks with scales connected in non-interacting mode. The components are assembled on frame to form tabletop set-up.

The apparatus consists of blower unit fitted with the test pipe. Nichrome Wire heater surrounds the test section. Four Temperature Sensors are Embedded on the test section, two placed in the air stream at the entrance and exit of the test section to measure the inlet and outlet air temperature. Test pipe is connected to the delivery side of the blower along with the orifice to measure flow of air through the pipe. Constant heat flux is given to pipe by an electric heater through a variac and measured by Digital Voltmeter and Digital Ammeter. 

The present set-up is designed to visualize the ideal flow around immersed body. It consists of a flow table in which flow of water is circulated in between two transparent sheets with a small gap between them. Water is supplied to the table and a colored dye is injected in the inlet of flow at different location. Water from the sump tank is pumped by a centrifugal pump to a calming section for table and after passing through transparent sheet it goes to sump tank. By-pass and flow control valves are provided to regulate the flow.Flow is made laminar by operating inlet control valve for water and it is visualized due to transparent sheet and colour. A small capacity dye tank will be provided for the flow of dye in fluid inlet stream. Any obstacle can be placed between the sheets and change in flow pattern can be visualized. Obstacles of different types will be supplied with the apparatus. 

Technical Description: Shell & Tube type condensers are widely used in various industries. The present set-up offers a comparative study of Vertical & Horizontal condenser, which can be operated one at a time. Condenser consists of Stainless steel shell, with stainless steel tubes. Cold fluid flows through inside the tubes and steam flows through the shell. Valves are provided to control the flow rates of cold fluids. Flow rate of cold water is measured using a Rota meter. Shell is fitted with steam traps from where condensate is collected in measuring cylinder. Temperature of inlet and outlet of both hot & cold fluids are measured by temperature sensors.

Natural Draft Tray Dryer is a dryer in which moisture removal takes place by heat under natural condition. The set-up consists of an insulated Stainless Steel chamber fitted with heater. Inside the chamber a tray is attached directly to an electronic weighing balance, which is fitted on the bottom, outside the chamber. Material for drying is placed in the tray and regular loss of weight is monitored. Temperature controller fitted in the set-up maintains the required temperature in the chamber. 

The present set-up is designed to study a PID Controlled Flow Process in the industry. Water is pumped from the sump tank by means of a centrifugal pump to a Pneumatic Control Valve and after passing thorough the Rota meter it return back to the sump. The Differential Pressure transmitter with an Orifice meter is fitted in the water line. The flow of water in the line is sensed by the transmitter and communicated to the digital indicating controller. This measured variable is compared with the Set Point by controller and output is generated and given to I/P converter, which in turn supply the 3-15 Psig pressure to vary the opening of the Pneumatic control valve to eliminate the error observed. As the opening of pneumatic control valve varies, the flow of water in the line gets effected. This process goes on until the Set Point target is achieved. A ball valve is also provided in the water line to disturb the system and to observe the effect of disturbance. As the water returns in the sump tank again, the system operates in close circuit. Provided Rotameter enables to get the direct reading of flow of water in the line. These units along with necessary piping are supported in a well-designed housing and are fixed on base plate

A ribbon blender consists of a horizontal trough containing a central shaft and a helical ribbon agitator. Two counteracting ribbons are mounted on the same shaft, one moving the solid slowly in one direction, the other moving it quickly in other. The ribbons may be continuous or interrupted. Mixing results from the turbulence induced by the counteracting agitators, not from mere motion of solids through the trough. Some ribbon blender operates batch wise with the solids charged and mixed until satisfactory; others mix continuously, with solids fed in one end of the trough and discharged from the other. Ribbon Blenders are effective mixers for thin pastes or for powders that do not flow radically. The whole assembly is fitted on rigid MS structure. The trough is unloaded through an opening in the bottom. The setup studies in principles of mixing and can be operated as batch wise or continuously. 

The present set-up is designed to calibrate and check the given pressure gauge (Bourdon Type).This unit consists of a precision ground plunger, which develops the required pressure by loading of weights. This pressure is transmitted to the pressure gauge by oil.

Mixed liberated particles can be separated from each other by floatation if there is sufficient difference in their wet ability. The floatation process operates by preparing a water suspension of a mixture of relatively finely sized solids. This is usually done in an agitated chamber open at the top. Fine bubbles of air are then dispersed through the agitated suspension to form a froth that rises to the top of the chamber. Particles that are radically wetted by water (hydrophilic) tend to remain in the water suspension. Those particles that are not easily wetted (hydrophobic) tend to be collected at the air bubblewater interface and rise to the surface attached to air bubbles. Thus differences in the surface chemical properties of the solids are the basis for separation. The set up consists of a agitated chamber open at the top. In the chamber, an impeller coupled to a shaft is fixed in a stationary diffuser. Low-pressure air is allowed to enter in the stationary diffuser through the air passage provided with the agitator. The collector coated mineral particles adhere to the rising bubbles and are carried to the top of the cell to be removed in the froth product.